Front
What is the primary function of the nucleolus?
Back
Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Tip: The nucleolus is a non-membrane bound structure within the nucleus where ribosome assembly begins.
Public Deck
MCAT Biology - 60 Essential Concepts
Prepare for MCAT Biology with 60 high-yield concepts covering all major topics tested on the biological sciences section.
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Front
Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification?
Back
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Tip: Contrast this with the Rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Front
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Back
Hydrolytic breakdown of macromolecules
Tip: Lysosomes maintain an acidic pH (~5) to optimize enzyme activity.
Front
How are mitochondria inherited in humans?
Back
Maternally (Cytoplasmic inheritance)
Tip: Mitochondrial DNA is circular and replicates independently of the nucleus.
Front
Which cytoskeletal component is composed of actin and involved in cytokinesis?
Back
Microfilaments
Tip: Microfilaments form the cleavage furrow during cell division.
Front
What is the structural arrangement of microtubules in cilia and flagella?
Back
9 + 2 arrangement
Tip: This consists of nine pairs of microtubules surrounding two central microtubules.
Front
Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles?
Back
Golgi Apparatus
Tip: Think of the Golgi as the 'Post Office' of the cell.
Front
What is the role of peroxisomes in the cell?
Back
Breakdown of very long chain fatty acids via beta-oxidation
Tip: They produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a byproduct.
Front
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Back
S phase (Synthesis)
Tip: The cell enters S phase only after passing the G1 restriction point.
Front
What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis that increases genetic diversity?
Back
Crossing over (Recombination)
Tip: This occurs between homologous chromosomes at the chiasmata.
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