Front
Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)
Back
The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
Zeff = Z - S; increases from left to right across a period.
Public Deck
MCAT General Chemistry - 50 Key Concepts
Master MCAT General Chemistry with 50 high-yield flashcards covering atomic structure, bonding, thermodynamics, and more.
AnyFlashcards50 cards
Preview
Front
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Back
No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
Limits each orbital to a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.
Front
Hund's Rule
Back
Electrons fill degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up.
Minimizes electron-electron repulsion within a subshell.
Front
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Back
It is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and momentum of an electron.
The more accurately we know one, the less accurately we know the other.
Front
Bohr Model: Energy of an Electron
Back
E = -Rh / n²
Energy is quantized; as 'n' increases, the energy of the electron becomes less negative (higher).
Front
Quantum Number: Azimuthal (l)
Back
Describes the shape of the orbital (subshell).
Values range from 0 to (n-1); l=0 (s), l=1 (p), l=2 (d), l=3 (f).
Front
Photoelectric Effect: Kinetic Energy of Photoelectron
Back
Kmax = hf - Φ
Φ is the work function; light must exceed the threshold frequency to eject electrons.
Front
Isotopes
Back
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Same atomic number (Z), different mass number (A).
Front
Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds
Back
Ionic involves electron transfer; Covalent involves electron sharing.
Ionic bonds typically form between metals and nonmetals with ΔEN > 1.7.
Front
Coordinate Covalent Bond
Back
A bond where both shared electrons originate from the same atom.
Commonly seen in Lewis acid-base reactions and metal-ligand complexes.
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